Dihchyouyeou13gjihyuan：
fenbyesh：harnwuujihawtaurjihjyhlioujihnipernjihshyrtannjihelldyejihjongshengdaysandyejihjuluojihbairehjih
guujinnjihshinjinnjihdihsyhjih
1，harnwuujih
guushengdayddihigjih,iuekaishyyyu5.7yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu5.1yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,luhdihshiahchern,beeibannchyoudahbuhbeyhaeshoeiianmei.shengwuhchyunyiiwujyichweidonqwuhyouchyishsanyehchorng、dideengwanntzwuleyweyjuu,jyrwuhjonghorngtzao、liuhtzaodeengkaishyyfarnshenq.harnwuushinggwoueieelshyhdlhadingyeumingcheng,jehgjihddihtserngshooushiantzaynahliifashiann.
2，awtaurjih
guushengdayddihellgjih,iuekaishyyyu5.1yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu4.38yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,yanshyryoushyrhueiyanheryehyangowcherng.shengwuhchyunyiisanyehchorng、biishyr、wanntzwuleyweyjuu,chushiannbaantzwusheangley,yeeyeoushanhwu.tzaoleyfarnshenq.awtaurjihyouinggwoueieelshyhbeeibuhguudaydawtaurtzwuerlderming.
3，jyhlioujih
guushengdayddihsangjih,iuekaishyyyu4.38yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu4.1yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,dihkershiangdangwoendinq,dannmohchiyeouchyangliehdtzawshanyunndonq.shengwuhchyunjongwanntzwuleyhershanhwufarnrong,sanyehchorngherbiishyrrengfarnshenq,wuherleyfayuh,dawwoanchichushiannyuanshyyyuley,mohchichushiannyuanshyyluhshengjyrwuhluoojyue.jyhlioujihyouguudayjuhtzayinggwoueieelshyhshinanbuhdjyhliourenderming.
4，nipernjih
guushengdayddihsyhgjih,iuekaishyyyu4.1yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu3.55yihnianchyan.jehgshyrchidchuchigehchuhhaeshoeitueychiuh,jijiuhhowtserngchernjiwuh.howchihaeshoeiyowianmeiluhdihbinqshyngcherngharndahlianqyeoujiwuhjyhdchernjiwuh,intsyyyanshyrduoweyshayan、yehyandeeng.shengwuhchyunjongwanntzwuleyhershanhwufayuh,chwuyuanshyyjyuchorngway,kuenchorngheryuanshyyleangchileyyeeyeoufashiann,yuleyfajaan,jyueleyheryuanshyyluootzjyrwuhchushiann.nipernjihyouinggwodnipernjiunnerlderming.
5，shyrtannjih
guushengdayddihwuugjih,iuekaishyyyu3.55yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu2.9yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,chihhowuennoanerlshyruenn,gaudahmawmihdjyrwuhbeymaitsarngtzaydihshiahjingtannhuahherbiannjyherlshyngcherngmeitserng,guhming.yanshyrduoweyshyrhueiyan、yehyan、shayandeeng.donqwuhjongchushiannlleangchiley,jyrwuhjongchushiannlyangchyyjyrwuhhersongbae.
6，elldyejih
guushengdayddihliowgjih,jyitzueyhowigjih.iuekaishyyyu2.9yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu2.5yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,dihkerfashengchyangliehdgowtzawyunndonq.tzaydergwo,beenjihdihtserngellfenshinqmingshean,guhming.donqwuhjongdjyushyrley、yuanshyyparchorngdonqwuh,jyrwuhjongdsongbae、sutieedeengtzayjehgshyrchifajaanchiilai.
7，jongshengday
sheanshengjowddihellgday.fenweysandyejih、juluojihherbairehjih.iuekaishyyyu2.5yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyuwannnianchyan.jehshyrchidjuuyawdonqwuhshparshyngdonqwuh,koonglongfarnshenq,buuruuleyherneauleykaishyychushiann.wujyichweidonqwuhjuuyawshjyushyrleyherjiannshyrley.jyrwuhjuuyawshynshinq、sutieehersongbae.
8，sandyejih
jongshengdayddihigjih,iuekaishyyyu2.5yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu2.05yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,dihjyhgowtzawbiannhuahbiijiawsheau,yanshyrduoweyshayan、shyrhueiyandeeng.inbeenjihddihtserngtzueychutzaydergwohuahfenshyrfenshanq、jong、shiahsanbuhfen,guhming.donqwuhduoweytourtzwuley、jeakerley、yuley、leangchiley、parshyngdonqwuh.jyrwuhjuuyawshsutiee、songbae、ynshinq、muhtzeirherjyueley.
9，juluojih
jongshengdayddihellgjih,iuekaishyyyu2.05yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyu1.35yihnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchilii,yeoutzawshanyunndonqherjiuhliehdhuooshanhwodonq.youfaagwo、rueyshyhbianjinqdjuluoshanerlderming.parshyngdonqwuhfeicharngfadar,chushiannljiuhdahdkoonglong、kongjongfeilonghershyytzuuneau,jyrwuhjongsutiee、ynshinqtzueyfarnshenq.
10，bairehjih
jongshengdayddihsangjih,iuekaishyyyu1.35yihnianchyan,jyeshuhyuwannnianchyan.inoujoushibuhbeenjihddihtserngjuuyawweybairehyanerlderming.jehgshyrchilii,tzawshanyunndonqfeicharngjiuhlieh,woogwosheuduoshanmaydoutzayjehshyrshyngcherng.donqwuhjongyiikoonglongweytzueyshenq,danntzaymohchijwujiannmiehjyue.yuleyherneauleyheenfadar,buuruudonqwuhkaishyychushiann.beytzjyrwuhchushiann.jyrwuhjongsheanhuajyrwuhheenfarnshenq,yeechushiannlrehdayjyrwuhherkuohyehshuh.
11，guujinnjih
shinshengdayddihigjih(jiowchenglaodihsanjih、tzaodihsanjih).iuekaishyyyuwannnianchyan,jyeshuhyuwannnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchi,buuruudonqwuhchwuluhdihshenghwodyiiway,hairyeoukongjongfeidbianfwu、shoeiliiyoudjingleydeeng.beytzjyrwuhfarnshenq.guujinnjihkeefenweyguushinshyh、shyyshinshyhherjiannshinshyh,dueyingddihtserngchengweyguushintoong、shyyshintoongherjiannshintoong.
12，shinjinnjih
shinshengdayddihellgjih(jiowchengshindihsanjih、woandihsanjih).iuekaishyyyuwannnianchyan,jyeshuhyuwannnianchyan.tzayjehgshyrchi,buuruudonqwuhjihshiuhfajaan,shyngtiijiannchiubianndah,ishieguulaoleyshyngmiehjyue,gaudeengjyrwuhyeushianndaychiubyebudah,dideengjyrwuhshihtzaojiawduojiann.shinjinnjihkeefenweyjongshinshyhhershanqshinshyh,dueyingddihtserngchengweyjongshintoonghershanqshintoong.
13，dihsyhjih
shinshengdayddihsangjih,jyishinshengdaydtzueyhowigjih,yeeshdihjyhniandayfenchidtzueyhowigjih.iuekaishyyyuwannnianchyan,jyrdawjintian.tzayjehgshyrchilii,tserngfashengduotsyhbingchuantzuohyonq,dihkeryeudonqjyrwuhdeengyiijingjiuhyeoushianndaydyanqtz,chuchikaishyychushiannrenleydtzuushian（rubeeijingyuanren、niandertehren）.dihsyhjihkeefenweygenqshinshyh（tzaogenqshinshyh、jonggenqshinshyh、woangenqshinshyh）herchyuanshinshyh,dueyingddihtserngchengweygenqshintoong（shiahgenqshintoong、jonggenqshintoong、shanqgenqshintoong）herchyuanshintoong.
地球的纪元
地球有13个纪元：
分别是：寒武纪奥陶纪志留纪 泥盆纪 石炭纪 二叠纪 中生代 三叠纪 侏罗纪 白垩纪古近纪 新近纪 第四纪
1，寒武纪
古生代的第一个纪,约开始于5.7亿年前,结束于5.1亿年前.在这个时期里,陆地下沉,北半球大部被海水淹没.生物群以无脊椎动物尤其是三叶虫、低等腕足类为主,植物中红藻、绿藻等开始繁盛.寒武是英国威尔士的拉丁语名称,这个纪的地层首先在那里发现.
2，奥陶纪
古生代的第二个纪,约开始于5.1亿年前,结束于4.38亿年前.在这个时期里,岩石由石灰岩和页岩构成.生物群以三叶虫、笔石、腕足类为主,出现板足鲞类,也有珊瑚.藻类繁盛.奥陶纪由英国威尔士北部古代的奥陶族而得名.
3，志留纪
古生代的第三个纪,约开始于4.38亿年前,结束于4.1亿年前.在这个时期里,地壳相当稳定,但末期有强烈的造山运动.生物群中腕足类和珊瑚繁荣,三叶虫和笔石仍繁盛,无颌类发育,到晚期出现原始鱼类,末期出现原始陆生植物裸蕨.志留纪由古代住在英国威尔士西南部的志留人得名.
4，泥盆纪
古生代的第四个纪,约开始于4.1亿年前,结束于3.55亿年前.这个时期的初期各处海水退去,积聚后层沉积物.后期海水又淹没陆地并形成含大量有机物质的沉积物,因此岩石多为砂岩、页岩等.生物群中腕足类和珊瑚发育,除原始菊虫外,昆虫和原始两栖类也有发现,鱼类发展,蕨类和原始裸子植物出现.泥盆纪由英国的泥盆郡而得名.
5，石炭纪
古生代的第五个纪,约开始于3.55亿年前,结束于2.9亿年前.在这个时期里,气候温暖而湿润,高大茂密的植物被埋藏在地下经炭化和变质而形成煤层,故名.岩石多为石灰岩、页岩、砂岩等.动物中出现了两栖类,植物中出现了羊齿植物和松柏.
6，二叠纪
古生代的第六个纪,即最后一个纪.约开始于2.9亿年前,结束于2.5亿年前.在这个时期里,地壳发生强烈的构造运动.在德国,本纪地层二分性明显,故名.动物中的菊石类、原始爬虫动物,植物中的松柏、苏铁等在这个时期发展起来.
7，中生代
显生宙的第二个代.分为三叠纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪.约开始于2.5亿年前,结束于万年前.这时期的主要动物是爬行动物,恐龙繁盛,哺乳类和鸟类开始出现.无脊椎动物主要是菊石类和箭石类.植物主要是银杏、苏铁和松柏.
8，三叠纪
中生代的第一个纪,约开始于2.5亿年前,结束于2.05亿年前.在这个时期里,地质构造变化比较小,岩石多为砂岩、石灰岩等.因本纪的地层最初在德国划分时分上、中、下三部分,故名.动物多为头足类、甲壳类、鱼类、两栖类、爬行动物.植物主要是苏铁、松柏、银杏、木贼和蕨类.
9，侏罗纪
中生代的第二个纪,约开始于2.05亿年前,结束于1.35亿年前.在这个时期里,有造山运动和剧烈的火山活动.由法国、瑞士边境的侏罗山而得名.爬行动物非常发达,出现了巨大的恐龙、空中飞龙和始祖鸟,植物中苏铁、银杏最繁盛.
10，白垩纪
中生代的第三个纪,约开始于1.35亿年前,结束于万年前.因欧洲西部本纪的地层主要为白垩岩而得名.这个时期里,造山运动非常剧烈,我国许多山脉都在这时形成.动物中以恐龙为最盛,但在末期逐渐灭绝.鱼类和鸟类很发达,哺乳动物开始出现.被子植物出现.植物中显花植物很繁盛,也出现了热带植物和阔叶树.
11，古近纪
新生代的第一个纪(旧称老第三纪、早第三纪).约开始于万年前,结束于万年前.在这个时期,哺乳动物除陆地生活的以外,还有空中飞的蝙蝠、水里游的鲸类等.被子植物繁盛.古近纪可分为古新世、始新世和渐新世,对应的地层称为古新统、始新统和渐新统.
12，新近纪
新生代的第二个纪(旧称新第三纪、晚第三纪).约开始于万年前,结束于万年前.在这个时期,哺乳动物继续发展,形体渐趋变大,一些古老类型灭绝,高等植物与现代区别不大,低等植物硅藻较多见.新近纪可分为中新世和上新世,对应的地层称为中新统和上新统.
13，第四纪
新生代的第三个纪,即新生代的最后一个纪,也是地质年代分期的最后一个纪.约开始于万年前,直到今天.在这个时期里,曾发生多次冰川作用,地壳与动植物等已经具有现代的样子,初期开始出现人类的祖先（如北京猿人、尼安德特人）.第四纪可分为更新世（早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世）和全新世,对应的地层称为更新统（下更新统、中更新统、上更新统）和全新统.
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